آینده‌پژوهی نقش شهرهای جدید در ایجاد تعادل ساختار فضایی - کالبدی کلانشهرها با رویکرد و سیاست‌های آمایش سرزمینی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری شهرسازی اسلامی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 استاد گروه شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

دستیابی به تعادل‌های منطقه‌ای متناسب با قابلیت‌ها و توان‌های هر منطقه‌ یکی از سیاست‌های مصوب آمایش سرزمینی است. براین اساس، سیاست احداث شهرهای جدید جهت پراکنش مطلوب و متعادل جمعیت در کشور، برنامه‌ریزی و اجرا گردید. هدف اصلی این مقاله بررسی نقش شهرهای جدید در ایجاد تعادل و توازن ساختار فضایی -کالبدی حال و آینده منطقه کلانشهری تهران به عنوان جامعه آماری است. مهم‌ترین مسئله که در پژوهش مطرح شده این است که آیا احداث شهرهای جدید در اطراف کلانشهر تهران بر جذب سرریز جمعیت و توسعه متعادل منطقه اثربخش بوده است. بررسی‌های انجام‌شده نشان می‌دهد که به جز شهر جدید اندیشه در کلان‌شهر تهران (با تحقق بیش از 75درصد جمعیت پیش‌بینی‌شده) سایر شهرهای جدید در اطراف تهران در جذب جمعیت با مشکلاتی عدیده‌ای مواجه بوده و چندان موفق عمل نکرده‌اند. در این پژوهش، از روش رتبه ـ ‌اندازه جهت شناسایی چگونگی اثرگذاری شهرهای جدید بر ساختار فضایی ـ کالبدی منطقه کلان‌شهری تهران استفاده شده و به کمک نرم‌افزار میک‌مک (MicMac) سناریوهای توسعه سازمان فضایی و تعیین جایگاه شهرهای جدید انجام شده است. نتایج بررسی‌های انجام‌شده نیز نشان از عدم اثرگذاری شهرهای جدید بر تعادل ساختار فضایی ـ کالبدی منطقه کلان‌شهری تهران دارد و این شهرها نیز نتوانسته‌اند در جذب جمعیت منطقه تاثیر چندانی داشته باشند؛ به طوریکه در فاصله سال‌های 95-1365 تنها حدود 359,029 نفر برابر با 4/2 درصد از جمعیت منطقه را به خود اختصاص داده است که باتوجه به حجم سرمایه‌گذاری، بسیار اندک است. بنابراین ارائه راهکارها و سیاست‌های جدید به منظور بهبود روند موجود لازم به نظر می‌رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Futures Study of the role of NewTowns in Establishing of the Balance of Physical Space Struture in Metropolitans with Land Survey Approach and policies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Javaheri Taghados 1
  • Mahin Nastaran 2
  • Esfandiar Zebardast 3
  • Meysam Basirat 4
1 PhD in Urban Planing, Art University of Isfahan، Isfahan،Iran
2 Associate Professor، Department of Geography and urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3 Professor، Department of Geography and urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Fine Art, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor، Department of Geography and urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Fine Art, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Achieving a regional balance which is compatible with each regions’s capabilities and potentials is one the policies of already approved land survey polices. Accordingly, the policy of consctruting new cities has been planned and implemented due to efficient and balanced distribution of population. The main objective of the research is to analyze the role of new cities in balancing the present and future physical space structure of Tehran metropolican area and to address the question of whether construction of new cities in Tehran neighborhood has been effective in attracting the suplus of population and developing a balanced area. The findings suggest that except for the the new city of Andisheh in Tehran metropolis (with realization of more than 75 percent of predicted population), other new cities have failed to attract the population or confronted major problems. In the study, the rank-size distribution method was adopted to identify the impact of new cities on physical space structure of Tehran metropolitan and the MicMac software was used to develop scenarios of spatial organizition development and the positioning of new cities. The results show that the new cities have no effects on the balance of physical space structure of Tehran metropolitan area and these new cities have failed to make significant impact of attracting poulation of the area with only a slight number, around 359,029 people ( 2.4 % of the area’s population ) in a 30-year period from 1987 to 2017.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Physical space structure
  • metropolitan area
  • future study
  • new cities
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