عوامل کاهش کسری بودجه در جهت سیاست‌های کلی نظام در حوزۀ بودجه‌ریزی دولتی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه مدیریت، دانشکده اقتصاد مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کسری بودجه اختلاف کسری بودجۀ عملیاتی از مازاد تراز سرمایه‌ای است. در اغلب سال‌های 1358 تا 1400، بودجۀ کشور با کسری مواجه بوده است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش تدوین عوامل مؤثر بر کاهش کسری بودجه با در نظر گرفتن شرایط، موانع و مشکلات خاصی است که کشور در دهۀ 1390 با آن‌ها روبه‌رو بوده است. در این دهه، به‌واسطه ایجاد پیچیدگی‌های داخلی و مسائل بین‌المللی، کسری بودجه ابعاد گسترده‌تری یافت؛ به‌گونه‌ای که با خلق پول، تورمی سنگین به‌وجود آمد. این پژوهش از نظر روش، پیمایشی، از نظر هدف، کاربردی و به‌لحاظ نوع داده‌ها نیز کمّی است. برای تحلیل داده‌‌ها از نرم‌افزار اس‌پی‌اس‌اس به‌عنوان نرم‌افزار اصلی و از نرم‌افزار لیزرل به‌عنوان نرم‌افزار کمکی برای روش تحلیل عاملی (از نوع اکتشافی) استفاده شد. جامعة آماری تحقیق شامل 240 نفر از کارشناسان سازمان مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی استان‌ها، استادان و مدرسان رشته‌های علوم اقتصادی، مدیریت مالی و حسابداری دانشگاه پیام نور، و مدیران دستگاه‌های اجرایی مرتبط بود که از این میان با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، 148 نفر بر‌اساس روش نمونه‌گیری گروهی به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شد. در این پژوهش، 30  متغیر مؤثر بر کاهش کسری بودجه شناسایی شد که پس از به‌کار بردن تحلیل عاملی، برای تعیین تعداد عوامل از ملاک کیسر استفاده شد. برپایة این ملاک، چهار عامل (عامل سیاسی و روابط بین‌المللی، عامل کلان اقتصادی، عامل ساختار بودجه  و عامل امنیتی) دارای ارزش ویژة بالای 1 شناسایی شد و به‌عنوان عوامل قابل استخراج تعیین گردید. با توجه به شاخص‌‌های آماری با استفاده از روش تحلیل عوامل اصلی، این چهار عامل در‌مجموع 89.927 درصد از واریانس کل متغیرها را توانستند تبیین کنند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد عوامل سیاسی و روابط بین‌المللی با مجموع بار عاملی 4.765، عوامل کلان اقتصادی با مجموع بار عاملی 3.205، عامل ساختار بودجه با مجموع بار عاملی 1.942 و عوامل امنیتی با مجموع بار عاملی 1.861 به‌ترتیب مهم‌ترین عوامل کاهش کسری بودجه در ایران به‌شمار می‌آیند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Factors of Reducing the Budget Deficit in Line with the General Policies of the Government in the Field of Government Budgeting

نویسنده [English]

  • Nabi Omidi
Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accounting, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Budget deficit is the difference between the executive budget deficit and the extra balance capital. In most part of the years from 1980 to 2021, Iran was facing budget deficit. The aim of this research was to find out the effective factors of reducing budget deficit considering the conditions and problems of the country in the post 2011 era. In this decade, due to the complexity of the domestic and international issues, budget deficit increased more than expected, so far as generating money resulted in a heavy inflation. This study employed a survey method, bearing a practical aim, and using quantitative data. To analyze data, SPSS was used as the main software, and Lizrel was employed as a side software to the exploratory factor analysis. The population was 240 staff members of the management and planning organizations of different provinces, professors and teachers from different disciplines such as economics, financial management, and accounting from Payam Nour university. Also, executive managers from the related organizations were selected through Cokrain formula, which resulted in 148 participants. In this research, 30 effective factors of reducing budget deficit were identified, which were considered by Caser index. Accordingly, four elements (political and international relations, macro-economic, budget structure, and security) valued significantly above 1. Considering the statistical indexes and factor analysis, these four elements showed 89.927% of the whole variance. The findings indicated that the political and international relations element had 4.765 value of impact, macro-economic element had 3.205 value of impact, budget structure 1.942 value of impact, and security element had 1.861 value of impact, which were respectively the most important aspects of reducing budget deficit.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Budget deficit
  • effective factors
  • Iran’s budget
  • economy
  • inflation
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