راهبردهای بهره‌وری مشترک از منابع آبی رودخانۀ مرزی اترک در جهت اجرای سیاست‌های کلی نظام

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، رشتۀ علوم سیاسی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد آزادشهر، آزادشهر، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

ارتقای بهره‎وری و توجه به ارزش اقتصادی، امنیتی و سیاسی آب در استحصال، عرضه، نگهداری و مصرف آن و همچنین مهار آب‌هایی که از کشور خارج می‌شود و اولویت استفاده از منابع آب‌های مشترک از سیاست‏های کلی نظام است. از آنجا که مناقشه در آب‌های مشترک مرزی می‌تواند به تهدید صلح و امنیت بین‌المللی منجر شود، خطر جنگ آینده بر سر آب، به‌صورت گسترده از اوایل دهۀ 90 میلادی در محافل دانشگاهی و پژوهشی مطرح شد. کشور ترکمنستان که حجم عمدۀ خاکش را صحرای قره‏قوم تشکیل داده، در دوران مختلف آب مورد نیازش را از آب‏های مشترک و فرامرزی تأمین کرده است. نیاز شدید دو کشور به آب رود اترک در دو دورۀ قبل و بعد از فروپاشی اتحاد جماهیر شوروی همواره از مسائل بحث‏برانگیز ایران و ترکمنستان بوده است. روش پژوهش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است سؤال تحقیق عبارت است از: چالش‏های سیاسی ـ امنیتی ایران و ترکمنستان درخصوص بهره‏برداری مشترک از اترک و هیدروپلیتیک آن چیست؟ یافته‏های تحقیق حاکی از این است که دیپلماسی حاکمیتی جمهوری اسلامی ایران دربارۀ اترک در دو دورۀ قبل و بعد از فروپاشی شوروی، تسامح، تساهل و دوری از تنش بوده و همین امر باعث بهره‏وری جسورانه و بیشتر ترکمنستان از اترک، خارج از قواعد حقوقی بین‌المللی شده است. بر این اساس، ایران باید رویکردی تازه درخصوص هیدروپلیتیک اترک در پیش گیرد و دو کشور با ارائۀ راهکارهای مناسب، کشمکش‌های قریب‏الوقوع و احتمالی را به همکاری و توسعه تبدیل کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Joint Productivity Strategies of the Water Resources of Atrak Border River in order to Implement the General Policies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Farhadi 1
  • Masoud Motalebi 2
  • Ali Mohammadzadeh 3
1 PhD Candidate of Political Science, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University Azadshahr Branch, Azadshahr, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran
چکیده [English]

The dispute over shared border waters can threaten international peace and security. The danger of the future war over
Productivity improvement and attention to the economic, security, and political values of water are some important general policies of the system to maintain and consume water, and prevent water from exiting the borders. As the conflict over the shared water of the border can threaten the international peace and security, the possibility of war over water was seriously discussed in the early 90s among university professors and researchers. Turkmenistan covers a large land of desert, and takes the required water from the shared and trans-regional water. One of the controversies between Iran and Turkmenistan was the shared water of Atrak before and after the fall of the soviet-union. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The research question is: What are the political-security challenges between Iran and Turkmenistan in relation to the shared use of Atrak and its hydro-politics? The findings suggested that the current diplomacy in Iran with regards to Atrak before and after the fall of the soviet-union was to consolidate, and prevent tension. This has resulted in Turkmenistan’s abusing the water resources of Atrak out of the international regulations. Accordingly, Iran should follow a new approach with regards to Atrak’s hydro-politics and the two countries should cooperate and prevent conflicts through borrowing practical strategies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hydro-politics
  • Atrak border river
  • Iran
  • Turkmenistan
  • security
  • general policies of the system

مراجع

Alaei, R. (2007). Investigating the impact of border rivers on the regional challenges of Iran and its neighbors. In Regional Geography Conference, Islamic Azad University of Torbat Heydarieh, Iran. (Persain)
Antonelli, M., & Tamea, S. (2015). Food-water security and virtual water trade in the Middle East and North Africa. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 31(3), 326-342.
Araghchi, A. (2014). The diplomacy of transboundary waters and the international system. Tehran: Publishing Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (Persain)
Atari, J., & Avarideh, F. (2017). Analyzing contracts of border waters with neighboring countries. Energy Law Studies, 3(2), 285-308. https://doi.org/10.22059/jrels.2017.226824.105 (Persain)
Bai, Y. (2005). Hydropolitics of border rivers. Tehran: Abrar Contemporary International Studies and Research Cultural Institute. (Persain)
Baripour, M., Sadeghian, M., & Ansarian, M. (2021). Water wars to achieve sustainable water peace. Majles and Strategy, 28(107), 5-30. (Persain)
Baripour, M., Sadeghian, M., Ansarian, M., & Haji Kandi, H. (2022). Methodology of water policy making in transboundary rivers. Strategic and Macro Policies, 10(38), 408-442. https://doi.org/10.30507/jmsp.2022.300637.2300 (Persain)
Camp, J., & Harkavy, R. (2004). Strategic geography of the Middle East. (translated into Farsi by Seyyed Mahdi Hosseini Mateen). Tehran: Strategic Studies Research Institute. (Persain)
Dehshiri, M. R., & Hekmatara, H. (2017). Iran's water diplomacy towards its neighbors. Strategic and Macro Policies, 6(4), 596-606. [cited 2021December17] (Persain)
Faghani, H. (1998). Water crisis in the Arab Middle East. Tehran: Bureau of Political and International Studies of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (Persain)
Farhadi, R. (2016). Tigris and Euphrates: Turkey's geopolitical hegemony. Tehran: Kisan Publishing. (Persain)
Flint, C. (2006). Community perspectives on spruce beetle impacts on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska (translated into Farsi by Kamel Moniri & Amir Kamgar). Military Sciences and Techniques, 8(21), 121-146. (Persain)  
Gharavi, M. (2003). An analysis on the geopolitics of water in the Middle East and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (based on the western and eastern borders). Doctoral thesis in the field of political geography, Tehran- Department of Research Sciences. (Persain)
Gohari, M. (2008). Iran's geopolitical challenges in the peripheral borders. Tehran: Andisheh Publishing House. (Persain)
Hafeznia, M. (2006). Principles and concepts of geopolitics. Mashhad: Popli Publishing. (Persain)
Homer- Dixon, T. F. (1994). Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases. Peace and Conflict Studies Program, University of Toronto International Security, 19(1), 5-40.
   Martinez, J. (2013). Transboundary water conflict. Indiana University. Pub, USA.
Mokhtari Heshi, H. (2012). Hydropolitics of Iran, the geography of the water crisis on the horizon of 1404. Geopolitics Quarterly, 9(3), 49-83. (Persain)
Nahazi, Gh. (1999). Water crisis in the Middle East. Tehran: Middle East Center for Scientific Research and Strategic Studies. (Persain)
Omidi, A.  (2014). The impact of Turkmenistan's foreign policy on its economy. Isfahan, Faculty of Political Sciences. (Persain)
Paknejad, H., & Ezzati, E. (2018). Hydropolitics of Etrak border river and its influence on Iran-Turkmenistan relations. Geographical Perspective (human studies), 6(14), 7-24. (Persain)
Pilton, F., & Batahai, M. (2015). Basics and mechanism of environmental cooperation between Iran and its neighbors in the common river water basin. Social and Cultural Strategy Quarterly, 5(21), 18-36. (Persain)
Sinai, V. (2010). Hydropolitics. security and development of water cooperation in relations between Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Foreign Relations Quarterly, 3(2), 185-211. (Persain)
Setareh, J. (2011). Political geography of Iran's borders (volumes 1, 2, 3). Tehran: Naja Border Applied Research Office. (Persain)
Yildiz, D. (2017). Afghanistan’s transboundary rivers and regional security world water diplomacy & science news. Hydropolitics Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
Zarghani, H., & and Lotfi, A. (2010). The role of border rivers in regional cooperation and integration. Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 16. (Persain)
Zarghani, H., & Lotfi, A. (2016). Morphological changes of border rivers and its role in hydropolitical tensions. Tehran: Water Diplomacy Conference, Khwarazmi University. (Persain)

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار