تحلیل گفتمان برنامۀ اول و دوم توسعۀ جمهوری اسلامی ایران در بخش آب

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، رشتۀ جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مهم‌ترین حوزه‏های مرتبط با آب سیاست‌گذاری آن است. در دهه‏های مختلف در کشور قوانین، سیاست‏ها و برنامه‏های مختلفی درخصوص آب تدوین شده است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تحلیل گفتمان اسناد بالادستی آب در بازۀ زمانی 1368 تا 1378 است. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق را برنامۀ اول توسعه (1368ـ1372)، سیاست‏های کلی برنامۀ دوم توسعه (1372)، برنامۀ دوم توسعه (1374ـ1378)، سیاست‌های کلی برنامۀ سوم توسعه (1378) و سیاست‌های کلی نظام دربارۀ منابع آب (1378) تشکیل می‌دهد. روش پژوهش نیز تحلیل گفتمان به‌روش لاکلاو و موفه است. پرسش‌های تحقیق عبارت است از: گفتمان حاکم بر اسناد بالادستی آب چه بوده است؟ دال‏های مرکزی، مؤلفه‏‌های گفتمانی، زنجیرۀ هم‌ارزی و غیریت‏سازی حاکم که نشان‌دهندۀ این گفتمان‏‌اند، چیست؟ از چه نظریه‏ای به‌منظور تبیین گفتمان حاکم بر این اسناد استفاده شده است؟ تحلیل این اسناد نشان داد که گفتمان اصلی حاکم بر این دوره ایجاد رشد اقتصادی از طریق رشد بخش کشاورزی است که دالّ اصلی و نقطۀ ثقل این اسناد به‌شمار می‏آید. این امر حاکی از توجه سیاست‌گذاران و تصمیم‏گیران به جنبه‏های کمّی توسعه از طریق تقویت بخش کشاورزی است. این گفتمان با غیریت‏سازی گفتمان توسعۀ اقتصادی در این اسناد خود را نمایان می‏سازد و دال‏های اصلی و شناوری مثل هژمونی گفتمان بازسازی و سازندگی، گفتمان اشتغال آب‏محور و هژمونی گفتمان دولت بهره‏بردار مؤید این گفتمان است. گفتمان مذکور با دال‏های هم‌ارزی مثل رشد و گسترش تولید داخلی در زمینۀ کشاورزی، جلب منابع جهت سرمایه‏‏گذاری و اعطای تسهیلات، و ارتقای اهداف برنامه‏های بخش آب و کشاورزی به‌خصوص در زمینۀ آب و خاک مورد تأیید قرار می‏گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Discourse Analysis of the First and Second Development Plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Water Sector

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leili Bonyad 1
  • Akbar Zare Shahabadi 2
1 PhD Candidate of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the important aspects of water is policy making for water. In different decades, there have been different policies, plans, and regulations with regards to water. The purpose of the current research was to do a discourse analysis on higher documents of water from 1989 to 1999. The research data is the first development plan (1989-1993), general policies of the second development plan (1993), the second development plan (1995-1999), general policies of the third development plan (1999), and general policies on water resources (1999). The research method is Lucklaw and Moufeh discourse analysis method. The research question is: What is the discourse dominating the higher documents? What are the main factors, discourse elements, and othering chains in this discourse? What theory can be used to explain the discourse used in this document? The analysis showed that the dominant discourse is to develop economy through agriculture. This shows the attention policy makers have paid to the quantitative aspects of development through the agricultural sector. This discourse borrows othering the discourse of economic development, the elements of which are the hegemony of construction discourse, water-based employment, and the hegemony of productive government. The discourse focuses on domestic production in agriculture, attracting investment, improving the aims of water sector and agriculture with regards to water and soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Macro-policies
  • discourse analysis
  • constructive discourse
  • development plans

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