ساختاردهی به مسئلۀ عدم مشارکت نخبگان در تدوین سیاست‏های عمومی نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای مدیریت دولتی، تصمیم‌گیری و خط‌مشی‌گذاری‏ عمومی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مدیریت و فلسفۀ علم و فناوری، دانشکدۀ مدیریت، اقتصاد و مهندسی پیشرفت، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مرحلۀ تدوین سیاست در موفقیت سیاست‏‏های عمومی نقش بسزایی دارد. یکی از مهم‏ترین ذی‌نفعان هر کشور از موفقیت تدوین سیاست‏های عمومی، نخبگان هستند که مشارکت فعالی در این زمینه ندارند. از این رو این پژوهش به‌دنبال شناسایی عوامل پدیدآورندۀ چالش مذکور در کشور است. این پژوهش از نوع آمیخته بوده است که در بخش کیفی، داده‏ها با استفاده از مصاحبۀ نیمه‏ساختاریافته با 26 نفر از خبرگان گردآوری شد و از طریق کاربست تحلیل محتوای کیفی، در قالب  47 مفهوم اولیه و 9 مقولۀ اصلی سامان‏دهی گردید. در بخش کمّی نیز، از پرسش‌نامۀ ماحصل کار کیفی و بهره‏گیری از نظرات 20 خبره برای تجزیه و تحلیل یافته‏ها، در کنار مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری استفاده شد. یافته‏های پژوهش نشان‏دهندۀ بیشترین تأثیر موانع سه‏گانۀ «ضعف فرهنگ تحمل مخالف و تضارب آرا در کشور»، «فقدان فرهنگ شایسته‏سالاری» و «سیاست‏زدگی مفرط در حکمرانی» در شبکۀ مسائل مشارکت نخبگان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Structuring the Problem of Non-Participation of Elites during the Process of Public Policy Making in IR of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Daniyal Ramzanpour 1
  • Mahdi Abdolhamid 2
  • Ali Rezaeian 3
1 PhD of Public Management, Decision and Policy Making, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Philosophy of Science and Technology, Faculty of Management, Economy and Advanced Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Public Management, Faculty of Management, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The process of policy making has an important role in the success of the public policies. One of the groups that benefit most from the public policies is elites who do not have an active contribution in the process. Accordingly, this research aims to identify the challenges in this regard. The mixed method research design uses qualitative data from the semi-structured interviews with 26 experts. The data are, then, content-analyzed and grouped into 7 primary concepts and 9 major categories. In the quantitative analysis, a questionnaire based on 20 experts' opinion were developed for constructing the structural-interpretive model. The findings show that the most significant challenges are "weak cultural of tolerating others and encouraging interaction", "lack of meritocracy", and "extreme politicization in governance".

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Public policies
  • problem structuring
  • elites
  • participation
  1. Afrasiabi, R., & Maleki, A. (2020). Analyzing public policy from the perspective of Islam based on justice and cooperation: the case of education in Bojnoord city. Innovative Research Approaches in Management and Accounting, 4(29), 1-15. Received from: http://www.majournal.ir/index.php/ma/article/view/344. (Persain)

    Alavi, P. (2015). Political connections, relations, development and political contribution. Tehran: Modern Science Press. (Persain)

    Azar, A., Khosravani, F., & Jalali, R. (2016). Research in soft mission through structured problem solving. Tehran: Institute of Industrial Management. (Persain)

    Birkland, T. (2015). An introduction to the policy process: Theories, concepts, and models of public policy making (3rd ed.). New York: Rutledge.

    Campbell, S. et al. (2007). Analysis for policy: evidence-based policy in practice. Government Social Research Unit. HM Treasury.

    Cheng, C. H. (1997). Evaluating naval tactical missile systems by fuzzy AHP based on the grade value of membership function. European Journal of Operational Research, 96(2), 343-350.

    Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.

    Cummings, S., & Norgard, O. (2004). Conceptualizing state capacity: comparing Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan. Political Studies, 52(4), 685-708.

    Daneshfard, K. (2010). The process of public policy making. Tehran: Islamic Azad University Press. (Persain)

    De Reuver, M., Stein, S., Hampe, F., & Bouwman, H. (2010). Towards a service platform and business model for mobile participation paper presented at the mobile, business and 2010 ninth global mobility roundtable (ICMB – GMR). 2010 ninth international conference on.

    Dunn, William N. (2018). Public policy analysis an integrated approach. New York: Rutledge.

    Echikwonye, R. A., & Beetseh, K. (2011). The role of public policy making and development in Nigeria. Journal of Social Science and Public Policy, 3, 53-64.

    Evans, K., Flores, S., & Larson, A. (2019). Participatory monitoring in forest communities to improve grievance, accountability and women's participation. Original Research, 1-20.

    Falanga, R., Cebulla, A., Principi, A., & Socci, M. (2021). The participation of senior citizens in policy-making: patterning initiatives in Europe. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 34, 1-21.

    Firoozabadi, M., Poorezat, A., & Akbarpoor Shirazi, M. (2013). The role of think-tank centers in improving social capital for encouraging the involvement of social class in the process of policy making. Journal of Policy, Science, and Technology, 2, 55-62. (Persain)

    Gerasimova, V., & Mokichev, S. (2015). The university as a center of concentration of knowledge and reproduction of the intellectual elite. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 2618-2621.

    Ghafari, Gh., & Niazi, M. (2007). Cooperative sociology. Tehran: Nazdik Press. (Persain)

    Gheisari, F., Salajeghe, S., Beigzadeh Abasi, F., & Sheikhi, A. (2019). Analyzing the agents of public policy making effecting applying the administrative policies. Strategic Management Studies, 38, 175-205. (Persain)

    Giommoni, T. (2021). Exposure to corruption and political participation: Evidence from Italian municipalities. European Journal of Political Economy, 68, 1-31.

    Govindan, K., Shaligram, P., Sasi, K. (2009). A hybrid approach using ISM and fuzzy TOPSIS for the selection of reverse logistics provider. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 54, 28-36.

    Grogoryev, L. (2015). The elites demand for law: overcrowded streetcar (tram) effect. Russian Journal of Economics, 1, 313-327.   

    Hafner-Burton, E. M., Hughes, D. A., & Victor, D. G. (2013). The cognitive revolution and the political psychology of elite decision making. Perspectives on Politics, 11(2), 368-386.

    Hajipoor, E., Foruzandeh, L., Danayifard, H., & Fani, A. (2015). A model for the pathological study of public policy making in Iran. Military Management, 58(15), 1-23. (Persain)

    Howlett, M., & Lejano, R. P. (2013). Tales from the crypt: the rise and fall (and rebirth?). Policy Design Administration & Society, 45(3), 357-381.

    Hughes, O. (2003). Public management & administration: An introduction (3rd ed.). Palgrave.

    Johnmik, C., & Botlhomiwe, M. (2017). Elite interests and political participation in Botswana, 1966-2014. Journal of Cantemporary African Studies, 35(1), 54-72.

    Kannan, G., Pokharel, S., & Kumar, P. S. (2009). A hybrid approach using ISM and fuzzy TOPSIS for the selection of reverse logistics provider. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(1), 28-36.

    Matti, D. Jan (2017). Curbing protest through elite co-optation? Regional protest mobilization by the Russian systemic opposition during the for fair elections protests 2011-2012. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 8(2), 109-122.

    Matto, M., Giuseppe, I., Alessandroo, I., Andrea, & Rapisarda, P. (2016). Modelling stakeholder participation in transport planning. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 4(3), 230-238.

    Mees, H., Uittenbroek, C., Hegger, D., & Driessen, P. (2019). From citizen participation to government participation: an exploration of the roles of local governments in community initiatives for climate change adaptation in the Netherlands. Environment Policy and  Governance, 29(3), 198-208.

    Niazni, S. (2002). The problems of social contribution in Kashan. PhD Dissertation in Sociology. Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran. (Persain)

    Noorian, A. (2014). The role of political intellectuals in balanced development of Asian nations. Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 5(2), 133-158. (Persain)

    Ondetti, G. (2017). The power of preferences: economic elites and light taxation in Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 62(231), 47-76.

    1. Sebola, M. (2016). Public participation in South Africa’s policy decision-making process: The mass and the elite choices. International Public Administration Review, 14(1), 55-73.

    Perlaviciute, G., & Squintani, L. (2020). Public participation in climate policy making: toward reconciling public preferences and legal frameworks. One Earth, 2(4), 341-348.

    Sarighalam, M. (2013). Rationality and development in Iran. Tehran: Farzan Rouz. (Persain)

    Shahidul Hasan, M. (2016). Who participated and who doesn't? Adapting community participation model for developing countries. Cities, 70-77. Received from: www.elsevire.

    Taffa Ariti, A., Vanvliet, J., & Verburg, P. H. (2019). The role of institutional actors and their interaction in the land use policy making process in Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental Management, 237, 235-246.

    Warfield, J. W. (1974). Developing interconnected matrixes in structural modeling. IEEE Transcript on Systems, Men and Cybernetics, 4(1), 51-81.

    Weinschenk, A. C., Dawes, C. T., Oskarsson, S., Klemmensen, R., & Nørgaard, A. S. (2021). The relationship between political attitudes and political participation: evidence from monozygotic twins in the United States, Sweden, Germany, and Denmark. Electoral Studies, 69, 1-7.

    Zabetpoor Kordi, H., Amin Bidokhti, A., Rezayi, A., & Salehi, E. (2019). Identifying and prioritizing the challenges of applying higher education policies in Iran. Journal of Sociology of Social Institutions, 13, 203-230. (Persain)