تأثیر مخارج آموزشی و بهداشتی دولت و سرمایۀ انسانی بر فقر شهری در ایران

نوع مقاله : گردآوری و مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آیت‌الله بروجردی، بروجرد، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آیت‌الله بروجردی، بروجرد. ایران

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر، چهرۀ آشکار فقر جایگزین سیمای پنهان آن در اقتصاد ایران شده است. دولت رشدمحور در ایران، به‌عنوان ثروتمندترین نهاد تصمیم‌گیر، مبارزه با فقر را مهم‌ترین هدف اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی خود می‌داند. مخارج دولتی مهم‌ترین ابزار دولت به‌منظور نیل به اهداف میانی مانند بهبود سطح آموزش و بهداشت و رشد اقتصادی به‌عنوان ابزارهایی برای مقابله با فقر است. در بین سطوح مختلف فقر نیز، آنچه در کشورهای درحال توسعه مهم‌تر است، فقر مطلق است. به این ترتیب، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر مخارج آموزشی دولت و سرمایۀ انسانی بر فقر مطلق شهری در ایران است. بدین منظور، با مدل‌سازی عوامل مؤثر بر فقر و به‌کارگیری روش مارکوف سوئیچینگ، فرضیه‏های پژوهش در بازۀ زمانی 1364 تا 1393 مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. نتایج برآورد مدل ‌پژوهش نشان داد فقر شهری دارای دو رژیم فقر بالا و پایین است که احتمال ماندن در رژیم فقر پایین بیشتر از احتمال ماندن در رژیم فقر بالاست. همچنین طبق نتایج برآورد مدل، سرمایۀ انسانی و نسبت مخارج آموزش و پرورش به کل مخارج دولت تأثیر منفی و معنا‏داری بر شاخص فقر مطلق شهری داشته است. مبتنی بر نتایج پژوهش، پیشنهاد می‏شود به‌منظور کاهش فقر شهری، سهم مخارج آموزش و پرورش دولت افزایش یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Government's Expenditure on Education, Health, and Human Capital on Urban Poverty in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Younes Nademi 1
  • Seyed Parviz Jalili Kamju 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Humanities, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Humanities, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd. Iran
چکیده [English]

In the last decades, poverty has permeated Iran's economy. The developmental government of Iran, as the most important center of decision making, has set its socio-economic aim to combat poverty. Government's expenditure is the main means of obtaining the purposes such as improving the level of education, health, and economic development as tools of combating poverty. Among different levels of poverty, absolute poverty is the most important one in the developing countries. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the government's education and human resources expenditure on urban absolute poverty. Accordingly, modeling the effective factors of poverty and employing Markov Switching method, the research hypotheses were tested in a period from 1985 to 2014. The findings showed that urban poverty includes two levels of higher and lower poverty, in that the probability of staying in the latter is more than the former. Also, the findings from the model indicated that human capital and the ratio of education expenditure to the total government's expenditure has a significantly negative impact on the absolute urban poverty index. It is suggested that the ratio of education expenditure be increased to reduce urban poverty.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Capital
  • educational government expenditures
  • urban poverty
  • Iran

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