روش‌شناسی سیاست‌پردازی آب در رودخانه‌های فرامرزی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشتۀ مهندسی عمران، دانشکدۀ مهندسی عمران و منابع زمین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکدۀ مهندسی عمران و منابع زمین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکدۀ حقوق، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکدۀ مهندسی عمران و منابع زمین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران. ایران

چکیده

آب بیش از سه‌چهارم سطح زمین را پوشانده؛ اما فقط 000006/0 درصد آب‌های کرۀ زمین و 26/0 درصد آب‌های شیرین برای مصارف انسان قابل استفاده است. محدودیت مقدار این عنصر حیاتی در کنار توزیع ناهمگون منابع آب موجود، موجب ایجاد بحران آب به‌صورت بالقوه برای بالغ بر نیمی از جمعیت کرۀ زمین شده است. تغییر اقلیم، افزایش جمعیت و افزایش نامتعارف مصرف آب موجب خواهد شد تا بحران آب به‌صورت بالفعل گریبان‌گیر بیش از دوسوم ساکنان کرۀ زمین شود. با توجه به منطبق نبودن مرزهای کشورها با مرزهای طبیعی حوضه‌های آبریز و به‌وجود آمدن حوضه‌های آبی مشترک، نحوۀ تقسیم و استفاده از آب‌های مشترک به مسئله و چالشی اساسی تبدیل شده است. برای بهره‌برداری منصفانه و معقول از آب‌های مشترک، قواعد بین‌المللی نیاز است تا اختلافات موجود را حل کند و مانع از بروز تنش و مناقشه بین ذی‌مدخلان حوضه‌های آبریز مشترک شود. در این پژوهش، با مطالعۀ مقررات و متغیرهای مؤثر بر تقسیم آب‌های فرامرزی، به روش‌شناسی دیپلماسی آب در حوضه‌های فرامرزی پرداخته شده و تعریف تازه‌ای از مفهوم دیپلماسی آب بیان شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Water Diplomacy Methodology in Transboundary Rivers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Milad Baripour 1
  • Mohammad Sadegh Sadeghian 2
  • Mojtaba Ansarian 3
  • Hooman Hajikandi 4
1 PhD Student in Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Land Resources, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Land Resources, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Land Resources, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Water has covered more than three fourth of the earth; however, only 0.000006% of the total and 0.26% of the sweet water can be consumed by humans. The shortage and the heterogeneous distribution of such resource have created serious water crisis for half of the world population. Climate change, population increase, and uncommon water usage have resulted in serious problems for more than two third of the world inhabitants. The contrast between the country borders and natural borders of water resources and shared water regions have added to the complexity of the issue. To benefit fairly from the shared waters, international laws are required to deal with the conflicts, and prevent further arguments. This study, accordingly, investigates the regulations and variables of transoundary water distribution through water diplomacy methodology and presents a new definition of water diplomacy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Border waters
  • transboundary waters
  • operating doctrine
  • water diplomacy

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