تأثیر کارآفرینی بر رشد اقتصادی ایران و کشورهای منتخب حوزۀ سند چشم‌انداز؛ مبتنی بر سیاستهای کلی اشتغال

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر، ﮔﺮوه اﻗﺘﺼﺎد، داﻧﺸﮑﺪۀ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد و ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑوعلی‌ ﺳﯿﻨﺎ، ﻫﻤﺪان، اﯾﺮان

2 ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‌ارﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد، داﻧﺸﮑﺪۀ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد و ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه بوعلی ﺳﯿﻨﺎ، ﻫﻤﺪان، اﯾﺮان

چکیده

کارآفرینی از طریق نوآوری، اختراع و رقابت‌پذیری بر رشد اقتصادی تأثیر می‌گذارد. کارآفرین با خلق ایده‌های نو در فرایند تولید، سبب پیدایش فناوری، محصولات و خدمات می‌شود. کارآفرینی عامل ایجاد فضای سالم اقتصادی، رونق اقتصادی و عامل انتقال فناوری است. در این پژوهش، اثر کارآفرینی بر رشد اقتصادی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور از متغیر شاخص جهانی کارآفرینی (GEI) به‌عنوان سنجشی از کارآفرینی استفاده شد. در کنار شاخص جهانی کارآفرینی، متغیرهای رشد اقتصادی و درآمد ناخالص ملی سرانه و متغیرهای تعاملی حاصل‌ضرب شاخص جهانی کارآفرینی و سه زیرشاخص گرایش‏ها، قابلیت‏ها و اشتیاق کارآفرینانه در درآمد ناخالص ملی سرانه برای کشورهای منتخب آسیای مرکزی، در دورۀ زمانی 2017 تا 2019 م به‌کار گرفته شد. تصریح الگوی اقتصادسنجی پژوهش حاضر با بهره‏گیری از رویکرد پانل دیتا با روش حداقل مربعات معمولی (OLS) صورت گرفت. نتایج آن در بخش فرضیۀ اصلی حاکی از اثر مثبت و معنادار کارآفرینی بر رشد اقتصادی بود. در حالی که نتایج بیانگر رابطۀ مثبت و معنادار گرایش کارآفرینانه و اشتیاق کارآفرینانه با رشد اقتصادی است، قابلیت کارآفرینانه ارتباط معناداری با رشد اقتصادی نشان نداد. نتایج بیانگر لزوم اتخاذ رویکرد جامع‏نگر در توسعۀ کارآفرینی مولد به هدف تحقق رشد اقتصادی در کشورهای مورد مطالعه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Entrepreneurship on the Economic Growth of Iran and Selected Countries in the Vision Document based on the General Employment Policies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Khodabakhshi 1
  • Zainab Golzari 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciemce, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Master of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciemce, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Entrepreneurship can have an impact on the economic growth through innovation, invention, and competition. Entrepreneurship gives space to new ideas in the process of production to open the door for technology, product, and service. Entrepreneurship provides a condition for efficient economy, economic productivity, and technological advancement. This study investigates the impact of entrepreneurship on the economic growth. Accordingly, the global entrepreneurship index was employed to measure it. Other variables such as economic growth, GDP, the interaction of global entrepreneurship index and three sub-indexes of tendency, capability, and entrepreneurship motivation in the GDP of central Asia countries from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed as well. The econometrics model was suggested through PANTEL data approach via OLS method. So far as the main assumption is concerned, the findings showed a significantly positive impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth; however, the potentiality of entrepreneurship did not show a significant relationship with the economic growth. The results indicated a more comprehensive approach towards productive entrepreneurship for achieving economic development in the related countries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurship
  • global entrepreneurship index
  • economic growth
  • start-up
  • growth center
  • accelerator center

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