تحلیل سیستمی چرخۀ سیاست‏گذاری عمومی بیمه در ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 کارشناسی رشته علوم سیاسی، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

صنعت بیمه در ‏بسیاری از ‏کشور‏ها پدیده‏ای حیاتی است و جایگاه مهمی در ‏سازِ‏‏کار‏های کلان اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و سیاسی دارد. سیاست‏گذاری بیمه اقداماتی است که نشان می‏دهد سیاست‏های بیمه‏ای چرا و چگونه به‏وجود می‏آید و در ‏چه محیطی و توسط کدام‏یک از بخش‏های دولتی یا خصوصی عملیاتی و نتیجه‏بخش واقع می‌شود. این پژوهش درصدد بررسی و  ارزیابی صنعت بیمه در قالب الگوی ارزشیابی مدیریت‌گرا/ سیپ (CIPP) بوده است؛ لذا برمبنای این رویکرد، نوع پژوهش کاربردی ـ  توسعه‌ای و از نظر ماهیت توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است و روش گردآوری داده‌ها هم اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای (اعم از اسناد بالادستی، قوانین، گزارش‌های رسمی و سازمانی، ارزیابی‌های بین‌المللی و...) است. در مقاله، مراحل چرخۀ سیاست‌گذاری عمومی که شامل مؤلفه‌های ورودی، طراحی و اجرا درمورد بیمه است، بررسی شده و درنهایت با استفاده از آمار و خروجی‌های صنعت بیمه سیاست‌های دولت در این موضوع مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. نتایج حاکی از ‏این است که مداخلۀ همه‏جانبۀ دولت در‏‏صنعت بیمه در ‏کشور‏های در‏حال ‏توسعه نظیر ایران، غالباً با‏ شکست مواجه شده و عواملی همچون ضعف اعتبارات مالی و فقدان فناوری‌ها و خلاقیت‏های انسانی همواره به ‏نا‏همسویی نیاز و فرهنگ و تداوم سیاست‏های مبهم دامن زده‏ است. از ‏این ‏رو گام مهم در‏جهت توسعۀ صنعت بیمه کاهش مداخلۀ دولت در‏ اقدامات بیمه‏ای و واگذاری آن به ‏بخش خصوصی است. دولت نیز با ‏ارائۀ نقشی حامی و ناظر، می‌تواند مسیر را برای کاهش فساد و ناکارایی در ‏صنعت بیمه و افزایش بهینگی و کارآمدی این صنعت توسط بخش خصوصی، بر‏اساس چارچوب نظری تحلیل سیستمی، هموار سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Systemic Analysis of Public Policy Cycle in the Insurance Industry of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rohollah Eslami 1
  • Maryam Bordbar 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty Law and Politics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 BA of Political Science, Faculty Law and Politics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

The insurance industry is a crucial center in many countries and it plays a key role at the macro social, economic, cultural, and political systems. The policy making in the insurance industry is defined as a set of measures to show why and how the insurance policies work, and which public or governmental sectors could put them into practice. This study aims to analyze the insurance industry through CIPP model. Therefore, the study employs a practical-developmental approach, and a descriptive-analytical method. The data collection is based on the library and document analysis (such as higher document, regulations, official and organizational reports, international analysis, among others). Elements such as input, design, and execution related to insurance are investigated, and the policies of the government are analyzed using the statistics and the results of the insurance industry. The findings show that the governmental interventions at all levels of insurance in developing countries like Iran have failed, and actors such as the failure of the financial backing, the lack of technology and human creativity have challenged the needs, culture, and success of the policies. Therefore, it is suggested to reduce governmental intervention in the insurance industry and submit it to the private sector. The government can play the role of supporter and supervisor in order to reduce corruption and failure in insurance industry and increase productivity in the private sector based on the systemic analysis framework.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Public policy
  • insurance policy
  • influence rate
  • public insurance in Iran
  • minimum government
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